International System for Standardized Avian Karyotypes (ISSAK):standardized banded karyotypes of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

K. Ladjali-Mohammedi,^a J.J. Bitgood,^b M. Tixier-Boichard,^a and F. A. Ponce de Leon^c

Abstract. The chicken genetic map is becoming very detailed. The genetic and physical maps need to be integrated in more detail. It is important to have a consensus banded karotype to permit this integration. An international committee met to develop a karyotype for the eight largest chromosomes and the Z and W chromosomes of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). This map is presented in this report.

In response to suggestions made at the 4^th European Colloquium of Cytogenetics of Domestic Animals held in Uppsala, Sweden, 1980, a working group of avian cytogeneticists convened at the St. Paul campus, University of Minnesota, June 10, 1980, to discuss criteria and provide examples for reporting on chicken cytogenetics. The working group included H.M. Biederman, University of Calgary, J.J. Bitgood, University of Wisconsin, S.E. Bloom, Cornell University, N. Fechheimer, the Ohio State University, C.C. Lin, University of Calgary, R.N. Shoffner and J. S. Otis, University of Minnesota.
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Part of a contributing project to NC-168, North Central Regional Breeding Project. Supported in part by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706. Portions of this work were conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Cytogenetics, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas by K.L-M., who was a recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French-Algerian Cooperation Program. 

Received 19 October 1999; revision accepted 14 June 1999.

Address correspondence to Dr. J.J. Bitgood, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; telephone (608) 263-4300; e-mail: bitgood@calshp.cals.wisc.edu

Current address: (K.L-M.) Institut d'Embryologie Celluaire et Moleculaire, CNRS-College de France (France); (F.A.P.d.L) Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St.Paul MN (USA)

It was agreed that chromosomes be numbered and arranged in the idiogram according to length, with the short (p) arm uppermost. The sex chromosomes (Z and W) would be the terminal pair. The nomenclature for heteromorphic rearrangements would follow the recommendations of ISCN (1978). Definition and nomenclature for the variable (heteromorphic) Q, G, and R longitudinal bands should use the ISCN examples, with the exception that landmark regions be defined in the light staining region. The specific structural bands, centromeric, telomeric, and the nuclear organizer region required no recommendations.

In the early 1990's, the development of the chicken molecular genetic map revived the international interest for an updated chicken standard karyotype. Consequently, a small group of cytogeneticists (F. A. Ponce de Leon, P. Popescu, N. Fechheimer and K. Ladjali) met in 1992 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, during the 10^th European Colloquium of Cytogenetics of Domestic Animals, and in 1993, an international group met at the University of Guelph to establish a standard for reporting longitudinal banding patterns. Considered at this meeting were the previous discussions at Uppsala and St. Paul, and publications by Carlenius et al. (1981), Schmid et al. (1989), Bitgood and Shoffner (1990), Ponce de Leon et al. (1992), a manuscript

Permission has been granted by Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, S Karger AG, publisher to display this article on the Poultry Genome Homepage. 

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