POULTRY GENOME NEWSLETTER, 2002
ISSUE NO. 2, MAY, 2002

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Plant, Animal & Microbe Genomes XI (PAMG-XI) & NAGRP/NC-168
PAMG-XI will again be at the Town & Country Convention Center in San Diego, CA, from Sat., Jan. 11, through Wed., Jan. 15, 2003. Speakers are already being invited. Contact Noelle Cockett, Cathy Ernst, Martien Groenen, Abel Ponce de Leon, or Juan Medrano with any suggestions. The Poultry Workshop/NC-168 meeting will begin on the afternoon of Saturday, Jan. 11. Bill Muir and Ron Okimoto will co-chair NC-168 and NRSP-8/poultry, respectively.
PAMG-X Report: As usual, the weather was great and most folks I spoke with thought that PAMG-X was the best meeting yet. New records were set in both numbers of scientists registered (1806) and total number of registrants (2025 including exhibitors). Highlights of the meeting included the talks by Francis Collins, on the human genome sequence; Bob Waterston, mostly on the mouse genome sequence; Ralph Greenspan on pleiotropy of behavioral mutants in Drosophila; Steve Brown on ENU mutagenesis in mice and Eric Green on comparative genome sequencing. On the plant side, the formal announcement of the rice genome draft sequence (as recently appeared in Science) was made at the meeting. There was also excellent participation at the NC-168/NRSP-8 meeting, including several guest speakers in addition to the Station reports. In addition to the new chairs mentioned above, Chris Ashwell was elected Secretary for NRSP-8/poultry and Doug Foster is the new Secretary of NC-168.
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A TIME TO WRITE
NC-168: This is the year in which we must write a renewal proposal for NC-168! At our meeting, it was agreed to continue with updated versions of our present three objectives. Abel Ponce de Leon will head the writing of Objective 1, focused on elucidating genetic mechanisms regulating important poultry phenotypes; Jim Petitte leads the writing of Objective 2, focused on transgenics and related technologies; and Ron Okimoto leads Objective 3 on the integration of quantitative and molecular genetics. Marlene Emara and Chris Ashwell agreed to lead writing of the Introduction. Expect to hear more from these folks, soon! We will need your help.
NRSP-8: For better or for worse, this is also the year to write the renewal proposal for NRSP-8! The new objectives will focus on 1. Mapping and comparative genomics as they lead to the development and use of full genome sequences; 2. Functional genomics; and 3. Informatics. Cathy Ernst will coordinate the overall writing team. Draft proposals will be circulated and revised over the summer with E-1 (effort) forms collected from Stations by October. The final and complete proposal must be submitted to Area Administrators by Dec. 1, 2002. More information is available at http://www.wisc.edu/ncra/manual.htm.
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A TIME TO SEQUENCE: CHICKEN GENOME SEQUENCING IS ON!
Dr. Bin Liu of the Beijing Genome Institute (BGI) presented his proposal to sequence the chicken genome to the NC-168/NRSP-8 poultry group at PAMG-X. At last report, the Chinese government was likely to provide half the needed $35M for a 4X draft sequence. As described in the last issue of this newsletter, the BBSRC and the Wellcome Trust, along with other European Union (EU) agencies have been approached and have expressed interest in participating.
Subsequently, the NIH issued a request for "White Papers" proposing to sequence animal genomes that would be of general interest to NIH-supported scientists. A proposal to sequence the chicken genome was submitted for the Feb. 10, 2002 deadline. The proposal, composed by John McPherson (Washington U. Genome Center), Robb Krumlauf (Stowers Institute), Olivier Pourquié (soon to join the Stowers Institute) and myself will be posted under "Information" at http://poultry.mph.msu.edu and is available on request. Thanks go to the many poultry biologists who sent emails of support for our proposal! Although I don't have final confirmation, I've learned informally that NIH has accepted our proposal and intends to support approximately a 6X coverage of the chicken genome sequence. My present understanding is that sequencers will use libraries (BAC and otherwise) made from the UCD001 inbred line that is also one of the two parents of the East Lansing mapping panel. The extent to which the NIH and BGI/EU efforts interface remains to be determined.
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WASHINGTON UPDATE:
The National Academy of Science hosted a National Research Council Workshop on "Exploring Horizons for Domestic Animal Genomics" on Feb. 19, 2002. Speakers included Steve O'Brien, Steve Kappes, Harris Lewin, Eric Green, Richard Gibbs and Roger Wyse. They provided a variety of perspectives on the status of and benefits to be derived from domestic animal genomic research. Steve Kappes and Harris Lewin described the Livestock Genome Sequencing Initiative (including USDA-ARS MARC, U. British Columbia, U. of Calgary, U. of Illinois and others) aimed at generating a complete BAC contig map of the cow and their proposal to NIH to sequence a number of mammalian genomes with the bovine genome as top priority. I'm told that NIH has expressed interest in supporting this proposal, pending the identification of matching funds from one or more sources. The Alliance for Animal Genome Research (led by Kellye Eversole) is working to identify the necessary financial support.
As noted in the last issue, the House and Senate compromised on a budget of $120,452,000 for the 2002 NRI. NRI proposals are presently under review for Program 43, Animal Genome and Genetic Mechanisms. The increase from last year's $105M essentially restored the FY 2000 funding level ($119M). USDA-ARS support increased 10.4% in FY 2002 (to $1,068M), NIH's budget increased by 14.7% (to $23,285M), and NSF's budget increased 8.4% (although NSF-Biological Sciences increased only 4.7% to $508M).
As many of you know, the President's proposed FY 2003 USDA budget included a proposal to close the East Lansing USDA-ARS Avian Disease and Oncology Lab (ADOL). Under this proposal, ADOL's Poultry Genomics Program would move to Beltsville, MD, its Marek's Disease Program would move to Athens, GA, and its Retrovirus Program would terminate. Both the origin and outcome of this proposal remain uncertain at this writing. The Michigan Congressional Delegation, several poultry industry groups, and several other individual scientists have strongly opposed this proposal, and we're hopeful that it can be stopped. Hopefully, we'll know more by the next issue of this newsletter.
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ROSLIN REPORT
Just received is the 2000-2001 Annual Report of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh. As always, this is an informative and beautifully prepared volume, something that can be used in classes as well as for one's own information. If you'd like your own copy, go to www.roslin.ac.uk
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STEPPING INTO THE CHICKEN CHIP
INITIAL STEPS: Several investigators have been exploring the development of chicken microarray ("chicken chip") technology. Some of the U.S. efforts were described at PAMG-X by Joan Burnside and Larry Cogburn (U. of Delaware). In addition, Paul Neiman (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, FHCRC) has developed a glass slide-based, 4000-spot microarray focused on immune system-related and/or DT40 cell-expressed cDNAs (based on his own DT40 EST data, plus ESTs from Jean-Marie Buerstedde and Joan Burnside).
GREAT-EST DATA: The opportunities for chicken microarrays have been enhanced by the availability (announced last issue) of the chicken expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated by the European Union consortium (especially, U. of Manchester Inst. of Science and Technology, U. of Nottingham, U. of Dundee, and the Roslin Institute) collaboration with Incyte Genomics (www.chick.umist.ac.uk). Check out this site for information on your gene of interest (and some great chicken graphics).
SECOND GENERATION ARRAY IN PLANNING: At the suggestion of Paul Neiman, a group including Joan Burnside and Robin Morgan, among others at Delaware, and the poultry coordinators are planning the development of a second generation, more general, 10K spot glass slide microarray. Favorable prices for printing such arrays have been offered by the FHCRC facility. Financial contributions from the group would go towards purchasing the necessary cDNA clones and generating the PCR products to be spotted. Copies of the glass slide arrays would be available to the general public at a reasonable fee that would support continued printing of the arrays, depending on overall demand. We hope that these would be available by at least the end of 2002. Indications of interest can be emailed to Paul (pneiman@fred.fhcrc.org).
DOWN THE ROAD: Based on the likelihood of a genome sequence and continued EST generation for the chicken, it's likely that larger and/or supplementary arrays will soon be needed. Another possibility might be a customized oligonucleotide array such as now available to consortia through Affymetrix (e.g., total start-up costs for a ~23,000 gene Affymetrix array are now in the range of $200,000 plus the cost of individual chips). Alternative technologies are also being developed that may well reduce the price by the time we have a chicken genome sequence.
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SPERM-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER REARS ITS HEAD AGAIN
At PAMG-X, Dr. Jin Qian, Principal Scientist from BioAgri (and its President, Dr. Ken Wang) reported impressive rates of success with sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) using a patented protein to bind DNA to sperm, followed by AI techniques appropriate to the species of interest. During a recent visit to East Lansing, Drs. Qian and Wang described their experiments with cows, pigs, mice, and, of most interest here, chickens. They report the generation of F1 transgenics and segregation of the transgene in the F2 is presently under study. If early reports are confirmed, this promises to be a major enhancement of existing transgenic chicken technology (I certainly realize that SMGT has not lived up to its early billing more than once in the past). The initial report of BioAgri swine work just came out in BioMedCentral Biotechnology (Chang et al., 2002. BMC Biotechnol. 2:5.).
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CHICKEN GENE PRIMERS AND MICROSATELLITE KITS
Microsatellite primer kits: Information on microsatellite primer pairs can be found at http://poultry.mph.msu.edu/resources/microkits.htm. A new version of a framework primer kit (with 147 well-spaced microsatellite marker primer pairs) called the "Comprehensive Mapping Kit #7" is now available (thanks in part to a generous donation from Hy-Line International). Due to our limited budget (and the cost of the Marshfield microsatellite patent), we now can supply only our Population Tester Kit (9 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers for strain identification, gene flow studies or testing in other birds [not usually recommended]) or the new Comprehensive Mapping Kit #7. If interested, contact: (dodgson@.msu.edu) or (hcheng@.msu.edu), describing your desired application.
Gene primers: (Reminder) Two sets of PCR primer pairs (300 primer pairs corresponding to 300 chicken genes) complementary to chicken mRNAs are still available. In each case, a likely primer pair for PCR was derived based on DNA sequence data (mostly cDNA sequences, so they should be used for RT-PCR). See "Chicken Gene Primers #1 and #2" under "Resources" (scroll down) at http://poultry.mph.msu.edu.
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ON THE ROAD AGAIN. UPCOMING MEETINGS:
43rd Short Course in Medical and Experimental Mammalian Genetics, July 15-26, 2002, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine. See www.jax.org/courses/ for more info.
Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, August 11-14, 2002, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. See www.poultryscience.org for more information.
International Society of Animal Genetics, Göttingen, Germany, August 11-15, 2002. See http://www.gwdg.de/~bbrenig/ISAG2002.html for further information.
2nd Symposium on Candidate Genes for Animal Health, August 16-18, Montpellier, France. Information at http://cgah.cirad.fr
7th World Congress of Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, August 19-23, 2002, Montpellier, France. See http://www.wcgalp.org for more information.
11th European Poultry Conference, September 6-10, 2002, Bremen, Germany. See www.epc2002.de for further information.
International Workshop on Experimental Models from the Bursa of Fabricius, October 4-6, 2002, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA. See www.fhcrc.org/events/scientific/bursa for more information.
Plant, Animal and Microbial Genome XI, joint with NC-168 and NAGRP annual meetings, Jan. 11-15, 2003, Town & Country Convention Center, San Diego, CA. More information above and/or see www.intl-pag.org/.
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THE BAC PAGE!
The chicken BAC library constructed at Texas A&M, using the UCD001 Jungle Fowl line as its DNA source, now consists of over 115,000 BACs (~39,400 each with BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII partial digest inserts to insure complete coverage of the genome). Filter sets with 36,864 BACs from each of the three sub-libraries have recently been obtained and are available. If interested, email me at dodgson@msu.edu. A requirement for receiving a free filter set is that the user agree to provide the name of the probe used and clone locations at a later date, so all users can benefit from coordination resources. Alternatively, filter sets can be obtained directly from GENEfinder Genomic Resources (http://hbz.tamu.edu) at the cost of preparing them. In either case, once your clone of interest is identified by hybridization, individual clones can be obtained at cost from GENEfinder. Contact Felipe Santos, at contact@bac-center.tamu.edu, to request individual BAC clones.
For those wishing to use PCR rather than filter hybridization to screen for your gene(s) of interest, Research Genetics has prepared PCR-ready, superplate, column, and row DNA pools of 30,000 BamHI BACs (the same collection offered on our first BAC filter sets). Thus, this portion of the BAC library can be screened by a 3-dimensional strategy that requires 240 PCR reactions. Unfortunately, Research Genetics defaulted on our plans to make panels of these pools available for purchase directly from them. Thus, we will supply limited numbers of screening arrays of aliquots of these pools on request to NRSP-8 member scientists. Alternatively, we hope to set up routine screening of the pools here at ADOL, and it may be possible to include your gene/probe of interest if you send us your PCR primers. If interested, please contact Hans Cheng (hcheng@.msu.edu). A more detailed description of the pools is on our website at (http://poultry.mph.msu.edu/resources/resources.htm).
Pieter de Jong (Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute) has begun making a new BAC library with extra large inserts, using the same UCD001 source DNA as in our first library. Pieter is also generating a turkey BAC library using DNA from an inbred Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms bird. Thanks to Dave Harry from Nicholas for providing the DNA. We'll announce the availability of these BAC libraries once they come on line.
A preliminary version of the chicken BAC contig map web interface has been put on line by Hongbin Zhang and his group at Texas A&M. To date, only data from the EcoRI BACs have been entered, but we hope soon to include HindIII and then BamHI BACs. Fingerprint data from these BACs are still being computer processed and editted. The web site can be found at http://hbz.tamu.edu - click on Physical Mapping - then on Chicken Map (on the left) - scroll down to "Chicken Clone -> FPC Hitting Tool" and click. Enter the ID number of any EcoRI BAC and search for overlapping BACs, based on the fingerprint data. More information will be sent when fingerprinting is complete and the site is fully functional. Meanwhile, John McPherson of the Washington U. Human Genome Center is fingerprinting the complete UCD001 BAC library in preparation for the chicken genome sequencing effort described above.
Martien Groenen and Richard Crooijmans have also constructed a BAC library in collaboration with Texas A&M (Crooijmans et al., Mammalian Genome 11: 360-363, 2000). For more information, see www.zod.wau.nl/vf. If you wish to purchase or use the Groenen-Crooijmans library, either contact www.zod.wau.nl/abg/hs/research/molecular/intro.html, the UK Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Center at http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk, who sell filter sets of this library, or GENEfinder Genomic Resources (http://hbz.tamu.edu).
NHGRI at NIH is setting up a BAC Resource Network that is issuing a call for requests to prepare new BAC libraries for species for which there is currently no BAC library or for which a new library is needed. For additional info, contact Jane Peterson at jane_peterson@nih.gov.
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PUT YOUR ITEM OF INTEREST HERE
We're happy to include items of general interest to the poultry genetics community in the Poultry Genome Newsletter. Please email your contributions to us by June 15 for the next issue.
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Addresses:
Jerry Dodgson, Poultry Coordinator
Dept. of Microbiology
Giltner Hall
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824
email: dodgson@msu.edu
Hans Cheng, Co-Coord.
USDA-ARS ADOL
3606 E. Mt. Hope Ave.
East Lansing, MI 48823
email: hcheng@msu.edu